Primary antiphospholipid syndrome, Addison disease, and adrenal incidentaloma.

Primary adrenal failure comprises an insufficient production of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids in the adrenal cortex. A rare manifestation of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is adrenal failure. The majority of patients with adrenal involvement in APS develop an irreversible cortisol deficiency and atrophy of the adrenal glands. Adrenal incidentalomas are adrenal masses larger than 1 cm that are discovered in the course of diagnostic evaluation or treatment for another medical condition. Its prevalence is calculated in 1.5-9% of individuals. We describe an exceptional case of a 23-year-old male patient with APS with persistent high levels of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) from the time of diagnosis, who developed Addison's disease as a manifestation of APS with atrophy of the adrenal glands, in whom an adrenal incidentaloma was developed later and was corroborated as an aldosterone-producing adenoma. Currently, the patient is asymptomatic and without manifestations of tumor recurrence. The protumoral effect of elevated and persistent aPL is discussed.

Probiotics' effectiveness on symptoms, histological features and feeding tolerance in ulcerative colitis / Efectividad de probióticos sobre síntomas, histología y tolerancia alimentaria en colitis ulcerativa

Background: Probiotics have been used in the adjuvant treatment of Ulcerative Colitis (UC). Objective: To evaluate the role of a combination of probiotics on the clinical, histological changes and feeding tolerance in patients with UC. Methods: An open UC patients with mild to moderate activity and clinical trial was conducted. Patients were randomized to receive or a combination of 6 strains of probiotics for 3 months while continuing their drug treatment established. UC activity was assessed by Truelove and Witts scale and histological findings by Gupta index. Descriptive statistics, Chi square test and Student t test for comparison of the two groups was performed. Results: In each group 17 patients were included. An improvement was found in the disease activity (52.9% vs. 23.5%, p = 0.07) and in histologic index (82.3% vs. 41.1%, p = 0.03) in patients treated with probiotics compared to the control group. Improved food tolerance was also observed in patients treated with probiotics. Conclusion: The study shows a beneficial short-term effect on symptoms, histological findings and feeding tolerance with the administration of a combination of 6 strains of probiotics in patients with UC.

Introducción: los probióticos han sido utilizados en el tratamiento adyuvante de la colitis ulcerativa (CU). Objetivo: evaluar el papel de una combinación de probióticos sobre las manifestaciones clínicas, cambios histológicos y tolerancia alimentaria en pacientes con CU. Métodos: se realizó un ensayo clínico abierto de pacientes con CU y actividad leve a moderada. Los pacientes se aleatorizaron para recibir, o no, una combinación de 6 cepas de probióticos durante 3 meses, mientras continuaban con el tratamiento farmacológico establecido. Se evaluó la actividad de la CU mediante la escala de Truelove and Witts, y los hallazgos histológicos mediante el índice de Gupta. Se realizó estadística descriptiva, prueba de Chi cuadrada y t de Student para la comparación de ambos grupos. Resultados: se incluyeron 17 pacientes por grupo. Se encontró una mejoría en la actividad de la enfermedad (52.9% frente a 23.5%, p = 0.07) y en el índice histológico (82.3% frente a 41.1%, p = 0.03) en los pacientes tratados con probióticos en comparación con el grupo control. También se observó una mejor tolerancia alimentaria en los pacientes tratados con probióticos. Conclusión: el estudio muestra un efecto benéfico a corto plazo sobre los síntomas, hallazgos histológicos y tolerancia alimentaria con la administración de una combinación de 6 cepas de probióticos en pacientes con CU.

Giant hepatobiliary cystadenoma: clinic-pathological findings

No disponible

Púrpura de Henoch-Schönlein como manifestación inicial de mieloma múltiple / Henoch-Schonlein purpura as initial manifestation of multiple myeloma

Resumen La púrpura de Henoch-Schönlein como vasculitis paraneoplásica de tumores sólidos se encuentra en 9 a 11% de los casos reportados en adultos con carcinoma de estómago, mama, pulmón, próstata o riñón; es poco frecuente como paraneoplásico de mieloma múltiple. Se comunica el caso de una paciente que padeció púrpura de Henoch-Schönlein como manifestación inicial de mieloma múltiple.

Abstract Henoch-Schonlein purpura as paraneoplasic vasculitis of solid tumors is found in 9-11% of cases reported in adults with stomach, breast, lung, prostate and kidney carcinomas; it is little frequent as paraneoplastic of multiple myeloma. This paper reports the case of a patient that suffered from Henoch-Schonlein purpura as initial manifestation of multiple myeloma.

Giant hepatobiliary cystadenoma: clinic-pathological findings.

Hepatic mucinous cystic neoplasms represent a challenging pathology due to their very low frequency, insidious presentation and unclear demography due to the limited cases reported to date. Surgical treatment is mandatory when possible to prevent recurrence and malignant transformation. The case presented herein has a peculiarity, mainly an increased level of CA 19-9 which has not been previously reported.

Laparoscopic resection of a gastric schwannoma: A case report.

INTRODUCTION: Mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract are a group spindle cell tumors which include gastrointestinal stromal tumors, leiomyomas, leiomyosarcomas and schwannomas (Nishida and Hirota, 2000). Schwannomas generally present as a slow and asymptomatic growing mass in the gastrointestinal tract typically arising in the gastric submucosa accounting for up to 0.2% of gastric tumors (Melvin and Wilkinson, 1993; Sarlomo-Rikala M, Miettinen, 1995). TREATMENT: with negative surgical margin resection (as approached in this case) is considered the standard treatment. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 60-year-old woman was referred to our general surgery service for dyspepsia. During her evaluation a gastric mass was incidentally found on upper GI endoscopy which showed a submucosal exophytic neoplasm at the gastric antrum. The patient was discharged following an uneventful recovery from a successful surgical laparoscopic tumor resection. DISCUSSION: Schwannomas are benign neurogenic tumors that originate from Schwann cells. They commonly occur in the head and neck but are rare in the GI tract (Menno et al., 2010). The differential diagnosis between gastric schwannomas and GISTs can be difficult in the preoperative assessment. With the advent of immunohistochemical staining techniques it is now possible to make a differential diagnosis based on their distinctive immunophenotypes. Gastric schwannomas are consistently positive for S-100 protein and negative for c-kit; conversely, 95% of GISTs are positive for c-kit and negative for S-100 protein in up to 98 to 99% of the cases. CONCLUSION: Gastric schwannomas should be included in the differential diagnosis of any gastric submucosal mass. Negative margin resection as seen with this patient is the standard surgical treatment as there is low malignant transformation potential.

[Atrophy in the mucosa neighboring an intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma by comparing the Sydney vs. OLGA systems]. / Atrofia circundante al adenocarcinoma gástrico tipo intestinal. Rendimiento diagnóstico de Sídney y Olga.

BACKGROUND: Gastric carcinoma causes about 700 000 deaths worldwide per year. Is feasible detect it in earlier stages. The aim of this article is to assess the atrophy in the mucosa neighboring an intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma by comparing the Sydney vs. OLGA systems. METHODS: Twenty-eight individuals with intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma (Lauren) were compared with 32 non-neoplastic cases. Both groups had undergone total gastrectomy. Two pathologists made a consensus-based assessment of the atrophy in non-neoplastic corpus and antral epithelium using the Sydney and OLGA Systems. The mean, median, and distribution of the frequencies were obtained using the measuring and distribution scales of the study variables. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values, both positive and negative, for gastric cancer were calculated through the dichotomy of advanced atrophy-positive and advanced atrophy-negative scales. RESULTS: Twenty-four of the 28 cases with intestinal-type gastric carcinoma showed an advanced atrophy with the OLGA system, with a sensitivity and specificity of 77 and 85 %, respectively. Conversely, 4 of the 28 individuals showed an advanced atrophy with the Sydney system, with a sensitivity and specificity of 14 and 100 %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The OLGA system has a high sensitivity and specificity (77 y 85 % respectively) for the recognition of preneoplastic changes in the mucosa neighboring a gastric carcinoma.

Introducción: el carcinoma gástrico ocasiona al año unas 700 000 muertes en el mundo. El objetivo de este artículo es evaluar la atrofia en la mucosa vecina al adenocarcinoma gástrico tipo intestinal comparando los sistemas Sídney y OLGA. Diferencias en el rendimiento diagnóstico impulsarían el empleo de alguno. Métodos: estudiamos 28 sujetos con adenocarcinoma gástrico tipo intestinal (Lauren), que comparamos con 32 casos sin neoplasia, ambos grupos con gastrectomía total. Dos patólogos evaluaron la atrofia en el epitelio de cuerpo y antro no neoplásico con los sistemas Sídney y OLGA. Se obtuvieron la media, mediana y distribución de frecuencias por escala de medición, así como la distribución de las variables del estudio. Se calculó la sensibilidad, especificidad y los valores predictivos para cáncer gástrico gracias a dicotomizar las escalas con resultado positivo y negativo para atrofia avanzada. Resultados: veinticuatro de 28 casos con adenocarcinoma gástrico tipo intestinal mostraron atrofia avanzada con OLGA con una sensibilidad y especificidad de 77 y 85 % respectivamente. Con el sistema Sídney, 4 de 28 mostraron atrofia avanzada con una sensibilidad y especificidad de 14 y 100 % respectivamente. Conclusiones: el sistema OLGA tiene elevada sensibilidad y especificidad (77 y 85 % respectivamente) para reconocer cambios preneoplásicos en la mucosa vecina al cáncer gástrico. Empero, OLGA no mostró atrofia avanzada en adenomas foveolares con displasia de alto grado, ni en adenocarcinomas en las porciones proximales del estómago.

Anal intraepithelial neoplasia among HIV-positive men who have sex with men.

Neoplasia is the second most common cause of mortality in HIV patients. The prevalence of anal cancer among men who have sex with men (MSM) has continued to increase since the introduction of antiretroviral therapy. We screened 94 HIV-infected MSM patients. We found high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) in six of the patients. The calculated prevalence of HSIL was 6.4% (95% confidence interval: 2.9-13.2). The study and implementation of screening programs for high-risk groups is a priority.

[The Mexican Board of Pathology: microscopy examination before and after digital microscopy]. / Consejo Mexicano de Médicos Anatomopatólogos: su examen de microscopia, antes y después de su digitalización.

INTRODUCTION: The examination carried out by the COMMAP for the certification process assessed pathologist formed in dissimilar institutions. In 2007 COMMAP's governing body in turn, decided to digitize it. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the conversion to virtual slides in the microscopy section, compared with the traditional have had an impact on the scores of the candidates. METHOD: The slides were scanned with high resolution. The virtual microscope is a standard computer screen where there is a program (Aperio Scope Image Viewer) that can display the scanned slides. The results of the microscopy section of the past nine years were compared; two groups were formed: 1) those without digitized examination, and 2) with it. The results were compared by Student t-test and Mann-Whitney. RESULTS: Of a 461 results 240 belonged to the first group and 221 to the second one. On a scale of 1-10, the average scores were 6.6 and 6.8, respectively (p > 0.6 and > 0.5).The minimum and maximum scores were also similar in each group. CONCLUSIONS: According to the results, the digitized exam in the COMMAP's certification process shows no difference between the digitized and the conventional versions.

[Evaluation of Gastric Atrophy. Comparison between Sidney and OLGA Systems]. / Evaluación histopatológica de gastritis atrófica. Comparación de los sistemas Sidney y OLGA.

BACKGROUND: histopathologic identification of atrophy and metaplasia is decisive to stop the way of gastritis?carcinoma in patients with chronic gastritis. OBJECTIVE: to compare diagnostic concordance between Sidney system and the operative Link on Gastritis Assessment (OLGA) system. METHODS: 120 consecutive biopsies were analyzed by general pathologists according to the Sidney system. All of them were evaluated by a second pathologist who used OLGA System. We employed kappa index to evaluate diagnostic concordance between the classifications. RESULTS: the clinical picture includes dyspepsia (94 %), abdominal pain (50 %), gastroesophageal reflux (30 %), bleed of the upper digestive system (24 %), and presence of Helicobacter pylori (47.5 %). Four were diagnosed as atrophy by Sidney system and 26 cases with atrophy by OLGA system. The concordance between two classifications systems was too low (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: the atrophy diagnosis, between systems, had low concordance. The description of metaplastic atrophy in the OLGA system represents the only one difference. The non-metaplastic atrophy is the same for both classifications. Therefore, the general pathologist should include this evaluation more consistently using OLGA system.

[Association between symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux and Barrett's esophagus]. / Asociación entre reflujo gastroesofágico sintomático y esófago de Barrett.

BACKGROUND DATA: Barrett esophagus is a proximal displacement of the squamocolumnar junction relative to the gastroesophageal junction with intestinal metaplasia, it has been linked to gastroesophageal reflux disease. However, it has been observed in individuals without gastroesophageal reflux symptoms, with prevalence up to 25% in 50 years older men. OBJECTIVE: Assess the association between symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux and Barrett's esophagus. METHODS: Consecutive patients undergoing endoscopy at our center were studied. Before endoscopy, through a direct interview all subjects were asked to complete the Carlsson-Dent questionnaire for determining 2 groups (patients with and without gastroesophageal reflux symptoms). Those subjects with suggestive image of Barrett's esophagus, biopsy specimens were obtained from the distal esophageal mucosa with the intention of find intestinal metaplasia. We compared prevalence of Barrett's esophagus between groups. RESULTS: One hundred and nine patients were studied. Prevalence of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease was 37.6%. Barrett's esophagus was found in 9.7% of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease patients and in 9.6% of subjects without symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (p = 0.87). Gender and age were similar between groups. Prevalence of hernia hiatal was bigger in patients with Barrett's esophagus (90 vs. 42%) (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Our study didn't show association between symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux detected by a questionnaire and Barrett's esophagus.

Tumor ovárico de células esteroideas productor de andrógenos: informe de caso / Ovarian steroid cell tummors producing androgens

Los tumores del ovario con repercusión endócrina constituyen 5 por ciento de las neoplasias de este órgano, ocupan el primer término las productoras de estrógenos, las de andrógenos en segundo y son excepcionales las de progesterona, corticosteroides y renina. En la nomenclatura de estos tumores ha existido una serie de sinónimos empleados que indican la confusión acerca de su histogénesis y la dificultad para su manejo en la literatura. Informe del caso. Femenina de 23 años de edad que presentó opsomenorreas de varios años de evolución, amenorrea secundaria, voz grave e hirsutismo rápidamente progresivo. Peso: 98,500 kg, talla: 1.74m. Índice de masa corporal (IMC): 32.61 kg/m2 de supeficie corporal. Vello en cara (barba y bigote), distribución androide en abdomen, antebrazos, muslos y piernas (Ferriman 20), acné e involución mamaria bilateral. Todos los paraclínicos efectuados fueron normales. La cuantificación de gonadotrofina coriónica en orina de 24 horas fue negativa. Imagenología. Ultrasonido de cavidad pélvica y la tomografía axial computada de abdomen demostraron tumoración ovárica derecha. El estudio citogenético fue 46XX. Los estudios endocrinológicos prequirúrgicos fueron: basales hormonales de testosterona libre y total de 14.30 pg/mL y 3.55 ng/mL respectivamente, insulina de 43.3 µU/mL y péptido C de 5.7 ng/mL. La curva de tolerancia oral a la glucosa (CTGO) demostró intolerancia a carbohidratos. Durante el transoperatorio los niveles hormonales de la vena ovárica derecha fueron: testosterona total de 2.70 ng/mL y la libre de 12.70 pg/mL, normalizándose a las 12 horas del postoperatorio. Otras hormonas esteroideas determinadas fueron normales seis meses después del acto quirúrgico la paciente presentaba un puntaje de Ferriman de 10, eumenorreica y con peso: 98,100 kg, CTGO y niveles basles hormonales normales. La ultraestructura mostró datos característicos de tumor productor de esteroides sin cristaloides de Reinke.

Pseudotumor fibroso calcificado del mediastino. Reporte de un caso de una nueva entidad que involucra al mediastino / Calcified fibrous pseudotumor of the middle mediastinum

Recientemente, se describió una nueva entidad de apariencia tumoral en los tejidos blandos (extremidades, tronco, escroto, nunca y axila) así como en la pleura, que se denomina seudotumor fibroso pleura, que se denomina seudotumor fibroso calcificado. No conocemos reportes previos en el mediastino. El caso que informamos es de un hombre de 44 años de edad que acudió al Hospital por dolor torácico y opacidad hiliar izquierda en la radiografía de tórax. La tomografía computarizada, muestra un tumor en el mediastino medio, de 7.6 X 6.1 cm de diámetro mayor con 1380 UH en las zonas de calcificación. Asienta arriba del cayado de la arteria pulmonar y bronquio principal izquierdo. Histopatológicamente está circunscrita, encapsulada y compuesta de tejido fibroso hialinizado, con infiltrado linfoplasmocitario, calcificaciones sammomatosas y distróficas, es menester distinguirlo del tumor fibroso de la pleura, del granuloma hializado y del seudotumor inflamatorio. Su tratamiento es la resección y no conocemos hasta el momento reportes de recidiva